A virus with single-stranded and double-stranded RNA as its genetic material is known as an RNA virus. RNA viruses use virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to reproduce their genomes. The RNA genome serves as a template for the creation of new RNA strands. At least three types of RNA must be created during RNA virus replication: the genome, a copy of the genome (copy genome), and mRNAs. RNA viruses have a high mutation rate and recombination is common, giving them a unique evolutionary capacity. Rapid environmental changes, such as changes in the pharmacological challenge or immunological pressure, force RNA viruses to adapt. The recent development of genetic and experimental techniques has shifted attention to RNA viruses in order to better understand and regulate viral population evolutionary processes. RNA viruses have a variety of evolutionary techniques that let them adapt quickly to their surroundings.